Artikler, rapporter mm

Bender, Emily M., Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillian-Major, Shmargaret Shmitchell (2021) On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? FAccT ’21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, mars 2021. Hentet fra: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188.3445922   

Benson, Thor (2023) This Disinformation Is Just for You. Wired, 1.august 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.wired.com/story/generative-ai-customdisinformation/ Bertuzzi, Luca (2023) EU’s AI Act negotiations hit the brakes over foundation models. Euractiv, 10. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/news/eus-ai-actnegotiations-hit-the-brakes-over-foundation-models/

Botero Arcila, Beatriz (2023) Is It a Platform? Is It A Search Engine? It’s ChatGPT! The European Liability Regime for Large Language Models. Journal of Free Speech Law, august 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/boteroarcila.pdf

Brandtzæg, Petter Bae, Marita Skjuve, Asbjørn Følstad (2022) My AI Friend: How users of a Social Chatbot Understand Their Human – AI Friendship. Human Communication Research, Juli 2022. Hentet fra: https://academic.oup.com/hcr/article/48/3/404/6572120

Cantor, Matthew (2023) Nearly 50 news websites are ‘AI-generated’, a study says. Would I be able to tell? The Guardian, 8.mai 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/08/ai-generated-newswebsites-study

Citron, Danielle K., Robert Chesney (2019) Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy and National Security. University of Berkeley School of Law, desember 2019. Hentet fra: https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/640/

Dagens Næringsliv (2023) Retningslinjer for redaksjonell bruk av kunstig intelligens (KI) I Dagens Næringsliv. 25. Oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.dn.no/teknologi/retningslinjer-for-redaksjonell-bruk-avkunstig-intelligens-ki-i-dagens-naringsliv/2-1-1463963

David, Emilie (2023) OpenAI can’t tell if something was written by AI after all. The Verge, 25. Juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/25/23807487/openai-ai-generated-lowaccuracy

De Vynck, Gerrit (2023) ChatGPT leans liberal, research shows. The Washington Post, 16.august 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/08/16/chatgpt-aipolitical-bias-research/

Elliott, Vittoria (2023) Big AI Won’t Stop Election Deepfakes With Watermarks. Wired, 27. juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.wired.com/story/ai-watermarking-misinformation/

Everypixel Journal (2023) AI Has Already Created As Many Images As Photographers Have Taken in 150 Years. Statistics for 2023. Hentet fra: https://journal.everypixel.com/ai-image-statistics

Europol (2022) Facing reality? Law enforcement and the challenge of deepfakes. 28. april 2022. Hentet fra: https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/publications/facingreality-law-enforcement-and-challenge-of-deepfakes

Flannery O’Connor, Jennifer, Emily Moxley (2023) Our approach to responsible AI innovation. YouTube Official Blog, 14. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/our-approach-to-responsible-aiinnovation/

Forbrukerrådet (2023) Ghost in the machine – Forbrukerutfordringer ved generativ kunstig intelligens. Juni 2023. Hentet fra: https://storage02.forbrukerradet.no/media/2023/08/fr-generative-airapport-web-no-mindre.pdf

Freedom House (2023) Freedom on the Net 2023 – the Repressive Power of Artifical Intelligence. Hentet fra: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedomnet/2023/repressive-power-artificial-intelligence

Fried, Ina (2023) How AI will turbocharge misinformation – and what we can do about it. Axios, 10.juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.axios.com/2023/07/10/ai-misinformation-response-measures

Harari, Yuval (2023) What does the AI revolution mean for our future. Videointervju mellom Mustafa Suleyman og Yuval Harari, oktober 2023. Hentet fra https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JkPWHr7sTY&t=1092s

Heikkilä, Melissa (2023a) Google DeepMind har launched a watermarking tool for AI-generated images. MIT Technology Review, 29. august 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/08/29/1078620/googledeepmind-has-launched-a-watermarking-tool-for-ai-generated-images/

Heikkilä, Melissa (2023b) This new tool could protect you pictures from AI manipulation. MIT Technology Review, 26 juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/07/26/1076764/this-new-toolcould-protect-your-pictures-from-ai-manipulation/

Hern, Alex (2022) AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that. The Guardian, 31. Desember 2022. Hentet fra: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/dec/31/ai-assistedplagiarism-chatgpt-bot-says-it-has-an-answer-for-that

Isenstadt, Alex (2023) DeSantis PAC used AI-generated Trump voice in ad attacking ex-president. Politico, 17. Juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/07/17/desantis-pac-ai-generatedtrump-in-ad-00106695

Jakesch, Maurice, Advait Bhat, Daniel Buscheck, Lior Zalmanson, Mor Naaman (2023) Co-Writing with Opinionated Language Models Affects Users’ Views. Hamburg, 23-28. April 2023. Hentet fra: https://mauricejakesch.com/assets/pdf/aimc_influence.pdf

Khan, Jeremy (2023) Stigma of dating a chatbot will fade, Replika CEO predicts. Fortune, 12.juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://fortune.com/2023/07/12/brainstorm-tech-chatbot-dating/

Knight, Will (2023) It Costs Just $400 to Build an AI Disinformation Machine. Wired, 29. August 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.wired.com/story/400- dollars-to-build-an-ai-disinformation-machine/

Kóváry Sólymos, Karin (2023) Slovakia: Deepfake audio of Dennik N journalist offers worrying example of AI abuse. International Press Institute, 31. Oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://ipi.media/slovakia-deepfake-audio-ofdennik-n-journalist-offers-worrying-example-of-ai-abuse/

Kripos (2023) Generativ kunstig intelligens og cyberkriminalitet. August 2023. Hentet fra. https://www.politiet.no/aktuelt-tall-ogfakta/aktuelt/nyheter/2023/08/18/ny-rapport-om-generativ-kunstigintelligens/

Maruf, Ramishah (2023) Lawyer apologizes for fake court citations from ChatGPT. CNN, 28.mai 2023. Hentet fra: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/27/business/chat-gpt-avianca-matalawyers/index.html

Medietilsynet (2023) De globale plattformenes etterlevelse av bransjenormen mot desinformasjon. 26. mai 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.medietilsynet.no/regelverk/internasjonale-reguleringer-fordigitale-tjenester/bransjenormen-mot-desinformasjon/

Metz, Cade (2023) Chatbots May ‘Hallucinate’ More Often Than Many Realize. The New York Times, 6. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/06/technology/chatbots-hallucinationrates

Miller, Elizabeth J., Ben A. Steward, Amy Dawel (2023) AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones. Sage Journals, oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/09567976231207095

Mullin, Benjamin, Nico Grant (2023) Google Tests A.I. Tool That is Able to Write News Articles. The New York Times, 19. Juli 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/business/google-artificialintelligence-news-articles.html

Murphy, Matt (2022) The Dawn of A.I. Mischief Models. Slate Magazine. Hentet fra: https://slate.com/technology/2022/08/4chan-ai-open-sourcetrolling.html

Myers, Andrew (2023) Assessing Political Bias in Large Language Models. HAI, Stanford University, 22.mai 2023. Hentet fra: https://hai.stanford.edu/news/assessing-political-bias-language-models

Natanson, Elad (2023) Hyper-Personalization Is Already Here – Its Future Is Even More Cutting- Edge. Forbes, 1 juni 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.forbes.com/sites/eladnatanson/2023/06/01/hyperpersonalization-is-already-here---its-future-is-even-more-cutting-edge/

OpenAI (2023a) ChatGPT can now see, hear, and speak. Blogg, 25. September 2023. Hentet fra: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt-can-now-see-hear-andspeak

OpenAI (2023b) Introducing GPTs. Blogg, 6.november 2023. Hentet fra: https://openai.com/blog/introducing-gpts

OpenAI (2023c) GPT-4 Systems Card. 23. Mars 2023. Hentet fra: https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4-system-card.pdf

OpenAI (2023d) How should AI systems behave, and who should decide? Blogg, 16. februar 2023. Hentet fra: https://openai.com/blog/how-should-aisystems-behave

Paul, Katie (2023) Meta bars political advertisers from using generative AI ads tools. Reuters, 7. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.reuters.com/technology/meta-bar-political-advertisers-usinggenerative-ai-ads-tools-2023-11-06/

Pew Research Center (2023) As AI Spreads, Experts Predict the Best and Worst Changes in Digital Life by 2025. Juni 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/06/21/as-ai-spreads-expertspredict-the-best-and-worst-changes-in-digital-life-by-2035/

Roose, Kevin (2023) Personalized A.I. Agents Are Here. Is the World Ready for Them. The New York times, 10.november 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/10/technology/personalized-aiagents.html

Salman, Hadi, Alaa Khaddaj, Guillaume Leclerc, Andrew Illyas (2023) Raising the Cost of Malicious AI-Powered Image Editing. MIT, februar 2023. Hentet fra: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06588

Santurkar, Shibani, Esin Durmus, Faisal ladhak, Cinoo Lee, Percy Liang, Tatsunori Hashimoto (2023) Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect. Cornell University, Mars 2023. Hentet fra: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17548

Simon, Felix M., Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier (2023) Misinformation reloaded? Fears about the impact of generative AI on misinformation are overblown. Harvard Kennedy School, oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2023/10/simon_generative_AI_fears_20231018.pdf

Solheim, Une (2023) Regjeringen vil merke KI-generert innhold: - Det er en fare. TV2, 28. oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/regjeringen-vil-merke-ki-generertinnhold-det-er-en-fare/16168912/

Teknologirådet (2022a) Taleteknologi med kunstig intelligens. Publisert desember 2022. Hentet fra: https://teknologiradet.no/publication/taleteknologi-og-kunstig-intelligens/

Teknologirådet (2022b) Saken forklart: Ny EU-lov skal gjøre internett tryggere. Publisert november 2022. Hentet fra: https://teknologiradet.no/publication/ny-eu-lov-skal-gjore-internetttryggere/

Teknologirådet (2023) Saken forklart: EU vil regulere kunstig intelligens. Publisert juni 2023. Hentet fra: https://teknologiradet.no/publication/eu-vilregulere-kunstig-intelligens/

Thompson, Alan D. (2022) A Comprehensive Analysis of Datasets Used to Train GPT-1, GPT-2, GPT-3, GPT-NeoX20B, Megatron-11B, MT-NLG, and Gopher, An Independent Report. LifeArchitect.ai, mars 2022. Hentet fra: https://s10251.pcdn.co/pdf/2022-Alan-D-Thompson-Whats-in-my-AI-Rev0b.pdf

Twomey, John, Didier Ching, Matthew Peter Aylett, Michael Quayle, Conor Linehan, Gillian Murphy (2023) Do deepfake videos undermine epistemic trust? A thematic analysis of tweets that discuss deepfakes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Oktober 2023. Hentet fra: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291668

University of East Anglia (2023) Fresh evidence of ChatGPTs political bias revealed by comprehensive new study. 17.august 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/news/article/fresh-evidence-of-chatgptspolitical-bias-revealed-by-comprehensive-new-study

Verma, Pranshu (2023) AI fake nudes are booming. It’s ruining real teens’ lives. The Washington Post, 5. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/11/05/ai-deepfake-pornteens-women-impact/

Waaler, Ingrid Emilie, Ine Julia Rojahn Schwebs (2023) Stadig flere KIromansar: Kjærlei fri for risiko. NRK, 11. september 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.nrk.no/norge/fleire-blir-kjaerastar-med-kunstig-intelligens- _ki_-1.16474942

Walker Rettberg, Jill (2023) Lystløgneren ChatGPT. NRK, 4.mars 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.nrk.no/ytring/lystlogneren-chatgpt_-1.16316248

Ward, Jake (2023) Innlegg fra X (tidligere Twitter). “We pulled off an SEO Heist that stole 3,6M totalt traffic from a competitor. Here’s how we did it”. 24. November 2023. Hentet fra: https://twitter.com/jakezward/status/1728032634037567509?s=20

West, Darrell M. (2023) How AI will transform the 2024 elections. Brookings, 3. Mai 2023. Hentet fra: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-ai-willtransform-the-2024-elections/